Born: 1770, Germany
Died: 1827, Austria
Period: Classical, Romantic
The events of Beethoven's life are the stuff of Romantic legend, evoking images of the solitary creator shaking his fist at Fate and finally overcoming it through a supreme effort of creative will. Born in the small German city of Bonn on or around December 16, 1770, he received his early training from his father and other local musicians. As a teenager, he earned some money as an assistant to his teacher, Christian Gottlob Neefe, then wasRead more granted half of his father's salary as court musician from the Electorate of Cologne in order to care for his two younger brothers as his father gave in to alcoholism. Beethoven played viola in various orchestras, becoming friends with other players such as Antoine Reicha, Nikolaus Simrock, and Franz Ries, and began taking on composition commissions. As a member of the court chapel orchestra, he was able to travel some and meet members of the nobility, one of whom, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, would become a great friend and patron to him. Beethoven moved to Vienna in 1792 to study with Haydn; despite the prickliness of their relationship, Haydn's concise humor helped form Beethoven's style. His subsequent teachers in composition were Johann Georg Albrechtsberger and Antonio Salieri. In 1794, he began his career in earnest as a pianist and composer, taking advantage whenever he could of the patronage of others. Around 1800, Beethoven began to notice his gradually encroaching deafness. His growing despondency only intensified his antisocial tendencies. However, the Symphony No. 3, "Eroica," of 1803 began a sustained period of groundbreaking creative triumph. In later years, Beethoven was plagued by personal difficulties, including a series of failed romances and a nasty custody battle over a nephew, Karl. Yet after a long period of comparative compositional inactivity lasting from about 1811 to 1817, his creative imagination triumphed once again over his troubles. Beethoven's late works, especially the last five of his 16 string quartets and the last four of his 32 piano sonatas, have an ecstatic quality in which many have found a mystical significance. Beethoven died in Vienna on March 26, 1827.
Beethoven's epochal career is often divided into early, middle, and late periods, represented, respectively, by works based on Classic-period models, by revolutionary pieces that expanded the vocabulary of music, and by compositions written in a unique, highly personal musical language incorporating elements of contrapuntal and variation writing while approaching large-scale forms with complete freedom. Though certainly subject to debate, these divisions point to the immense depth and multifariousness of Beethoven's creative personality. Beethoven profoundly transformed every genre he touched, and the music of the nineteenth century seems to grow from his compositions as if from a chrysalis. A formidable pianist, he moved the piano sonata from the drawing room to the concert hall with such ambitious and virtuosic middle-period works as the "Waldstein" (No. 21) and "Appassionata" (No. 23) sonatas. His song cycle An die ferne Geliebte of 1816 set the pattern for similar cycles by all the Romantic song composers, from Schubert to Wolf. The Romantic tradition of descriptive or "program" music began with Beethoven's "Pastoral" Symphony No. 6. Even in the second half of the nineteenth century, Beethoven still directly inspired both conservatives (such as Brahms, who, like Beethoven, fundamentally stayed within the confines of Classical form) and radicals (such as Wagner, who viewed the Ninth Symphony as a harbinger of his own vision of a total art work, integrating vocal and instrumental music with the other arts). In many ways revolutionary, Beethoven's music remains universally appealing because of its characteristic humanism and dramatic power. Read less
Label: Warner Classics
Catalog: 558505
Release Date: 12/02/2016
Number of Discs: 35
Composer:
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Performer:
Daniel Barenboim,
Pinchas Zukerman,
Jacqueline Du Pré,
Itzhak Perlman
...
Conductor:
Daniel Barenboim
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Berlin Staatskapelle Orchestra,
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra,
Berlin State Opera Chorus
...
Label: Dg Deutsche Grammophon
Catalog: 002578510
Release Date: 11/18/2016
Number of Discs: 1
Composer:
Johannes Brahms,
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Robert Schumann,
Arnold Schoenberg
...
Performer:
Maurizio Pollini,
Andreas Esders,
Gabriele Lechner,
Gretchen Eder
...
Conductor:
Christian Thielemann,
Claudio Abbado
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Dresden Staatskapelle,
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra,
Vienna State Opera Chorus Konzertvereinigung
...
Label: Sony
Catalog: 88875168362
Release Date: 05/27/2016
Number of Discs: 6
Composer:
Sergei Rachmaninov,
Johannes Brahms,
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Alexander Scriabin
...
Performer:
Lazar Berman
Conductor:
Claudio Abbado,
Erich Leinsdorf
Orchestra/Ensemble:
London Symphony Orchestra,
Chicago Symphony Orchestra
Label: Sony
Catalog: 503227
Release Date: 04/29/2016
Number of Discs: 43
Composer:
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Roy Harris,
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky,
Christoph W. Gluck
...
Performer:
Vladimir Horowitz,
Jussi Björling,
Frederick Schauwecker,
Van Cliburn
...
Conductor:
Arturo Toscanini,
Serge Koussevitzky,
Bruno Walter,
Leonard Bernstein
...
Label: Dg Deutsche Grammophon
Catalog: 002469802
Release Date: 04/08/2016
Number of Discs: 8
Composer:
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Frédéric Chopin,
Franz Liszt,
Antonín Dvorák
...
Performer:
Wilhelm Kempff,
Martha Argerich,
Mstislav Rostropovich,
Anne-Sophie Mutter
...
Conductor:
Carlos Kleiber,
Claudio Abbado,
Rafael Kubelik,
Herbert von Karajan
...
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra,
London Symphony Orchestra,
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
...
Label: Deutsche Grammophon
Catalog: 002457272
Release Date: 03/18/2016
Number of Discs: 51
Composer:
Franz Schubert,
Dmitri Shostakovich,
Frédéric Chopin,
Johannes Brahms
...
Performer:
Stefan Askenase,
Shura Cherkassky,
Halina Czerny-Stefanska,
Basile Bolotine
...
Conductor:
Karel Ancerl,
Karl Böhm,
Serge Jaroff,
Leopold Ludwig
...
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Amadeus Quartet,
Czech Philharmonic Orchestra,
Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra
...
Label: Decca
Catalog: 002434302
Release Date: 01/29/2016
Number of Discs: 114
Composer:
Johann Sebastian Bach,
Franz Joseph Haydn,
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart,
Ludwig van Beethoven
...
Performer:
Alfred Brendel,
Imogen Cooper,
Sylvia McNair,
Eduard Brunner
...
Conductor:
Sir Neville Marriner,
Sir Charles Mackerras,
Bernard Haitink,
Simon Rattle
...
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Academy of St. Martin in the Fields,
Scottish Chamber Orchestra,
London Philharmonic Orchestra
...
Label: Dg Deutsche Grammophon
Catalog: 002422702
Release Date: 12/11/2015
Number of Discs: 111
Composer:
Johannes Brahms,
Ludwig van Beethoven,
Maurice Ravel,
Felix Mendelssohn
...
Performer:
David Oistrakh,
Igor Oistrakh,
Sviatoslav Richter,
Martha Argerich
...
Conductor:
Claudio Abbado,
Daniel Barenboim,
Lorin Maazel,
Franz Konwitschny
...
Orchestra/Ensemble:
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra,
Amadeus Quartet,
Paris Orchestra
...