Johannes Brahms

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Biography

Born: 1833   Died: 1897   Country: Germany   Period: Romantic
The stature of Johannes Brahms among classical composers is well illustrated by his inclusion among the "Three Bs" triumvirate of Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms. Of all the major composers of the late Romantic era, Brahms was the one most attached to the Classical ideal as manifested in the music of Haydn, Mozart, and especially Beethoven; indeed, Hans von Bülow once characterized Brahms' Symphony No. 1 (1855-1876) as "Beethoven's Tenth." As a Read more youth, Brahms was championed by Robert Schumann as music's greatest hope for the future; as a mature composer, Brahms became for conservative musical journalists the most potent symbol of musical tradition, a stalwart against the "degeneration" represented by the music of Wagner and his school. Brahms' symphonies, choral and vocal works, chamber music, and piano pieces are imbued with strong emotional feeling, yet take shape according to a thoroughly considered structural plan.

The son of a double bassist in the Hamburg Philharmonic Society, Brahms demonstrated great promise from the beginning. He began his musical career as a pianist, contributing to the family coffers as a teenager by playing in restaurants, taverns, and even brothels. Though by his early twenties he enjoyed associations with luminaries like violinists Eduard Reményi and Joseph Joachim, the friend and mentor who was most instrumental in advancing his career was Schumann, who all but adopted him and became his most ardent partisan, and their esteem was mutual. Following Schumann's death in 1856, Brahms became the closest confidant and lifelong friend of the composer's widow, pianist and composer Clara Wieck Schumann. After a life of spectacular musical triumphs and failed loves (the composer was involved in several romantic entanglements but never wed), Brahms died of liver cancer on April 3, 1897.

In every genre in which he composed, Brahms produced works that have become staples of the repertory. His most ambitious work, the German Requiem (1863-1867), is the composer's singular reinterpretation of an age-old form. The four symphonies -- lushly scored, grand in scope, and deeply expressive -- are cornerstones of the symphonic literature. Brahms' concertos are, similarly, in a monumental, quasi-symphonic vein: the two piano concertos (1856-1859 and 1881) and the Violin Concerto (1878) call for soloists with both considerable technical skill and stamina. His chamber music is among the most sophisticated and exquisitely crafted of the Romantic era; for but a single example, his works that incorporate the clarinet (e.g., the Trio in A minor, Op. 114 and the two Sonatas, Op. 120), an instrument largely overlooked by his contemporaries, remain unsurpassed. Though the piano sonata never held for Brahms the same appeal it had for Beethoven (Brahms wrote three to Beethoven's 32), he produced a voluminous body of music for the piano. He showed a particular affinity for variations -- notably, on themes of Schumann (1854), Handel (1861), and Paganini (1862-1863) -- and likewise produced a passel of national dances and character pieces such as ballades, intermezzi, and rhapsodies. Collectively, these constitute one of the essential bodies of work in the realm of nineteenth century keyboard music. Read less

Featured Johannes Brahms CDs & DVDs:

Brahms, Bruch: Violin Concertos / Salerno-Sonnenberg, Waart
Brahms, Bruch: Violin Concertos / Salerno-Sonnenberg, Waart
Release Date: 07/17/1990   Label: Emi Classics  
Catalog: 49429   Number of Discs: 1
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Brahms: Symphony No 4, Etc / Sawallisch, London Po, Et Al
Brahms: Symphony No 4, Etc / Sawallisch, London Po, Et Al
Release Date: 10/19/1999   Label: Emi Seraphim  
Catalog: 73570   Number of Discs: 1
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Brahms: Clarinet Quintet; String Quartet No. 2 / Sharon Kam, Jerusalem Quartet
Brahms: Clarinet Quintet; String Quartet No. 2 / Sharon Kam, Jerusalem Quartet
Release Date: 04/09/2013   Label: Harmonia Mundi  
Catalog: 902152   Number of Discs: 1
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The European Concert - Brahms Haydn, Beethoven / Dudamel, Berlin Philharmonic
The European Concert - Brahms Haydn, Beethoven / Dudamel, Berlin Philharmonic
Release Date: 05/14/2013   Label: Deutsche Grammophon  
Catalog: 001831309  
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Brahms: Piano Concerto No 2, Etc / Bachauer, Skrowaczewski
Brahms: Piano Concerto No 2, Etc / Bachauer, Skrowaczewski
Release Date: 09/20/1994   Label: Mercury Living Presence  
Catalog: 434340   Number of Discs: 1
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Work: Variations on a theme by Haydn

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