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Works
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Aeneas in Carthage: Air Brottas (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Archery Contest (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Ballet (1)
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Aeneas In Carthage: Ballet of Zephyrs (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Chaconne (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Dance of the Carthaginian Maidens (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Dance of the Naiads and Tritons (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Gavotte (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Hunting Call (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: March (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: March of the Roman Soldiers (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Menuet (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Overture (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: Storm (1)
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Aeneas in Carthage: The Chase (1)
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Allegro for Violin and Piano in D major, VB 163 (1)
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Amphitryon (2)
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Amphitryon by Moličre, incidental music: No. 14. Tambourin (1)
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Amphitryon by Moličre, incidental music: No. 5. Andante (1)
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An - als ihm die - starb, VB 74 (1)
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An das Klavier, VB 94 (1)
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An den Wind [II], VB 80 (1)
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An den Wind [I], VB 79 (1)
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An eine Quelle, VB 75 (1)
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An mein Mädchen, VB 87 (1)
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Anselmuccio, VB 86 (1)
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Azire, VB 18 (1)
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Ballet Movements (2) for Gluck's "Armide" (1)
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Begravningskantata for Gustavus III, for soloists & chorus ("Funeral Cantata"): Chorus: Kungars Gud! (1)
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Begravningskantata for Gustavus III, for soloists & chorus ("Funeral Cantata"): Kungars Gud! (1)
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Begravningskantata for Gustavus III, for soloists & chorus ("Funeral Cantata"): Quartetto con coro D (1)
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Concerto for Violin in C major, VB 151 (2)
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Daphne am Bach, VB 83 (1)
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Das Rosenband, VB 85 (1)
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Das schwarze Lieschen aus Kastilien, VB 88 (1)
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Der Abschied, VB 95 (1)
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Der Mann im Lehnstuhl, VB 91 (1)
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Der nordische Witwe, VB 89 (1)
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Der Tod Jesu (1)
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Die Henne, VB 77 (1)
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Die Mutter bei der Wiege, VB 92 (1)
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Die Welt nach Rousseau, VB 76 (1)
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Du temps, qui détruit tout (1)
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Ein Lied um Regen, VB 90 (1)
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Ein Wiegenlied: Seht doch das kalte Nachtgesicht, VB 93 (1)
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Ein Wiegenlied: So schlafe nun, du Kleine, VB 96 (1)
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Fishermen, VB 40 (1)
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Gavotte for Piano in G major, VB 194 "Larghetto" (3)
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Gesundheit, VB 97 (1)
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Hans und Hanne, VB 78 (1)
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Ich bin ein deutscher Jüngling, VB 81 (1)
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Ich bin vergnügt, VB 82 (1)
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Innocente donzelletta (1)
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Miserere in C minor, VB 4 (1)
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Misero pargoletto (1)
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Neue kuriose Minuetten (2) for Piano, VB 190 (2)
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Non Temer (2)
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Olympie, VB 29: Overture (2)
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Olympie, VB 33 (1)
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Olympie, VB29: Overture (1)
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Overture in D minor, VB 147 (1)
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Pantomime in D, VB 37 (1)
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Pantomime in G, VB 38 (1)
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Phidile, VB 84 (1)
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Proserpina (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Aria Ceres: Mörka öknar (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Aria Jupiter: Ga Pluto at din Maka njuta (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Chorus: Gudar och mensjor och skuggor beprisen (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Chorus: Jupiter, Gudarnes Gud, vare ärad! (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Mörka öknar (1)
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Proserpina, opera: Overture (1)
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Proserpina: Ack hvad behag et hjerta njuter (1)
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Proserpina: Overture (1)
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Quartet for Strings in C minor, VB 179 (1)
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Quartet for Strings in E major, VB 180e (1)
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Quartet for Strings no 2 in B major, VB 181/Op. 1, no 2 (1)
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Quartet for Strings no 6 in G major, VB 187/Op. 1, no 6 (1)
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Quartets (6) for Strings (1)
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Quartets (6) for Strings: no 3 in G minor (1)
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Quintet for Flute and Strings in D major, VB 184/Op 7 (1)
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Quintet for Flute and Strings in D major, VB 184/Op. 7 (2)
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Quintet for Flute and Strings in D major, VB 184/Op. 7: 1st movement, Allegro moderato (1)
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Requiem (2)
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Rheinweinlied, VB 73 (1)
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Riksdagmarsch, VB 154 (2)
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Riksdagsmarsch, VB154 (1)
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Rondo for Piano in F major, VB 191 (3)
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Schweizer Rundgesang, VB 72 (1)
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Se non ti moro al lato (1)
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Sentimi, non partir! (1)
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Sinfonia buffa, VB 129 (1)
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Sinfonia con fugato per la chiesa, VB 146 (3)
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Sinfonia con fugato per la chiesa, VB146 (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Allegro (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Danza di Elmira (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: La coronazione (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Marcia degli schiavi (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Marcia dei dervisci (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Marcia dei Giannizzari (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Marcia del sultano (1)
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Soliman II, or The Three Sultanas: Marcia di Roxelana (1)
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Son pietosa (1)
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Sonata for Piano in E flat major, VB 195 (4)
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Sonata for Piano in E major, VB 196 (3)
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Sonata for Violin and Basso Continuo in C major, VB 160 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Basso Continuo in D minor, VB 157 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Basso Continuo in D minor, VB 158 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in C major (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in C major, VB 162 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in C major, VB 164 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in D major (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in D major, VB 159 (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in E flat major (1)
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Sonata for Violin and Piano in E flat major, VB 161 (1)
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Stella coeli in C major, VB 10 (1)
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String quartet No. 2 in B flat major (1)
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Swedish Dance for Piano in C major, VB 192 (3)
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Symphony funčbre in C minor, VB 148 "Trauer-Sinfonie" (4)
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Symphony funčbre in C minor, VB 148 "Trauer-Sinfonie": 1st movement, Larghetto-Allegro (1)
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Symphony in A major, VB 128 (1)
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Symphony in C major, VB 138 "Violin obligato" (3)
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Symphony in C major, VB 139 (2)
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Symphony in C minor, VB 142 "Wiener Sinfonie" (3)
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Symphony in C minor, Vb. 142 (1)
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Symphony in C minor, VB142 (1)
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Symphony in C sharp minor, VB 140 (2)
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Symphony in C, VB139 (1)
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Symphony in D major (2)
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Symphony in D major, Vb. 143 (1)
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Symphony in E flat major, VB 144 "Pariser Sinfonie" (2)
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Symphony in E flat major, VB 144 "Pariser Sinfonie": 2nd movement, Larghetto (2)
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Symphony in E minor, VB 141 (1)
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Symphony in E minor, VB 141: Adagio non tanto (1)
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Symphony in F major, VB 130 (1)
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Symphony in F major, VB 145 (1)
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Tema con variazioni for Piano in C major, VB 193 (3)
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Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello in D major, VB 171 (1)
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Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello in D major, VB 172 (2)
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Zum Geburtstage des Königs: Overture (1)
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Zum Geburtstage des Königs: Recitative (1)
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Zum Geburtstage des Königs: Töne leise goldne Saite, cantata (1)
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Zum Geburtstage des Königs: Töne leise, goldne Saite (1)
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Biography |
by Uncle Dave Lewis
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Joseph Martin Kraus was born in the town of Miltenberg, on the Main River near Frankfurt. Kraus' family encouraged his early interest in music, and at age 12 sent him to study in the nearby city of Mannheim. They also expected him to follow the more germane pursuit of Law in the hope he would obtain a job in the German government. This he did in Mainz and Erfurt; but it was at the University of Göttingen in the 1770s that Kraus made the decisive break with a government career. At Göttingen, Kraus fell in with a literary cadre devoted to the school of "Sturm und Drang" (storm and stress), a proto-Romantic faction belonging to the eighteenth century, inspired by the early works of Goethe. Kraus engaged in writing and publishing short stories representative of this literary approach.
Swedish exchange students suggested Kraus petition the court of King Gustav III in their home country. The opera-loving King had established the first Academy of music in Sweden upon his accession in 1771, but had found native talent slow to develop, and was reaching out to musicians of other nations to help improve the quality of performances at the opera house he had built. After two years of hardship in Stockholm, Kraus' 1780 opera Prosperina gained him a conductor's job with the Royal Opera House. Part of his training involved a four-year sojourn to the capitols of Europe in order to study current trends, a condition that Kraus was happy to accept.
It was during this period of travelling that Kraus composed all but one of his symphonies, upon which his posthumous reputation largely rests. It appears Kraus wrote a total of 15 symphonies; 12 are known to exist. His best known work is the Symphony in C minor, a stormy, aggressive, and vibrantly rhythmic work. Kraus' symphonies were well enough regarded in their time to achieve publication, although some editions bear the name of a better known composer and not Kraus'. At one point, Kraus journeyed to Esterháza to meet his idol, Joseph Haydn. Upon conducting Kraus' work, Haydn remarked that "the symphony (Kraus) wrote here in Vienna especially for me will be regarded as a masterpiece for centuries to come."
His tour of duty ended, Kraus was now required to return to Stockholm and attend to the musical needs of the King. Gustav III was nowhere near as enamored of instrumental music as was Kraus, and Kraus was obliged to spend most of his years in Stockholm writing opera, opera inserts, incidental music, and arias. Like Haydn, Kraus found opera an uncomfortable match for his talent, but he persevered. In 1782, he was named chief conductor of the Opera and educational director of the Academy. In 1792, Gustav III was assassinated, and Kraus memorialized his patron with a Funeral Symphony and a fine setting of the Requiem Mass. Kraus himself expired in Stockholm later that same year at the age of 36.
Kraus was remarkably productive, his brief lifespan yielding over 200 works including the symphonies, five operas, concerti, chamber works, and songs. After his death, his works were forgotten, but in the last part of the twentieth century they came back with a vengeance, especially in Sweden where Kraus is regarded as the most significant figure in Swedish music in the later eighteenth century. As Kraus' international profile evolves, it may become so that, after two centuries of neglect, Haydn's prediction for this ever young composer will come to pass. |
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