Johann Jacob Froberger
Born: May 19, 1616; Stuttgart, Germany
Died: May 7, 1667; Héricourt, Haute-Saône, France
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The cosmopolitan composer and harpsichordist Johann Jacob Froberger (1616-67) was born in Stuttgart. He spent much of his professional life at the court of Vienna but traveled widely to Italy, France, England, and the Netherlands. In his keyboard compositions, he acknowledged the divergent styles of his European contemporaries while forging a highly personal and musically powerful synthesis. Serving the Viennese Hofkapelle from 1634 until 1645,
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Works
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Allamand for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 635 (1)
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Allemande and Courante in G major (1)
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Allemande in G minor, FBWV 650 (1)
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Aria Froberger in D minor (1)
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Canzona (No.2) for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 302 (2)
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Canzona (No.3) for keyboard in F major/C major, FbWV 303 (1)
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Capriccio for keyboard in A minor, FbWV 519 (1)
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Capriccio in D minor, FbWV 503a (1)
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Capriccio in F major (1)
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Capriccio in G major (1)
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Capriccio no 12 (2)
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Capriccio no 13 in G major (1)
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Capriccio no 14 in D minor (1)
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Capriccio no 15 in F major (1)
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Capriccio no 16 in E minor (1)
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Capriccio no 17 in C major (1)
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Capriccio no 2 in A minor (1)
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Capriccio no 6 in C major (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in C major/G major, FbWV 506 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in E minor, FbWV 514 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in F major, FbWV 515 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in F major, FbWV 516 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in G major, FbWV 501 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in G major, FbWV 507 (1)
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Capriccio, for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 505 (1)
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Courante (1)
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Fantasia (No.1): sopra Ut . Re . Mi . Fa . Sol . La., for keyboard in C major, FbWV 201 (3)
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Fantasia (No.4) Sopra Solare, for keyboard in G major, FbWV 204 (2)
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Fantasia no 7 in G major (1)
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Fuga for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 307 (1)
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Fugue, for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 407a (1)
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Gigue (7)
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Lamentation (1)
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Lamentation sur ce que j'ay été volé (1)
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Lamentation sur ce, que j'ay été volé, for keyboard (1)
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Lamentation-faite sur la mort sa Majesté Imperial, Ferdinand III (6)
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Lamentation-faite sur la mort très douloureuse de sa Majesté Impériale, Ferdinand III, for keyboard (3)
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Lamentation: Lamento sopra la dolora perdita della Real Msta. Di Ferdinando IV, Ré de Romani (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 1 in G major, FbWV 501 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 10 in F major/C major (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 11 in G minor (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 12 in C/G (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 2 in A minor, FbWV 502 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 3 in D minor, FBWV 503 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 7 in G major (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio no 8 in A minor (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Capriccio, FbWV 508 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare in G minor, FBWV 405 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 10 in C major (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 11 in G minor (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 12 in C sharp minor (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 18 in C major, FbWV 518 (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 7 in C/F (2)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 8 in G/C (1)
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Libro di capricci e ricercate: Ricercare no 9 in F major (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 1 in G major (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 2 in G minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 3 in E minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 4 in F major (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 5 in F major (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Capriccio no 6 in e/a (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 1 in D minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 2 in G minor (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 3 in E minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 4 in G major, FBWV 410 (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 5 in D minor (3)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Ricercare no 6 in F sharp minor (3)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 10 in A minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 11 in D major (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 12 in C major "Lamento sopra la dolorosa" (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 7 in E minor (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 8 in A major (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Suite no 9 in G minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 10 in F major (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 11 in E minor "Per l'elevazione" (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 12 in A minor (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 4 in F major, FBWV 110 (2)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 7 in G major (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 8 in E minor (1)
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Libro quarto di toccate: Toccata no 9 in C major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 1 in D minor (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 2 in G minor (3)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 3 in F/C (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 4 in G major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 5 in C/G (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Canzona no 6 in A minor, FbWV 306 (4)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 1 in C major "sopra Ut, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La" (6)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 2 in a/e, FbWV 202 (3)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 3 in F/C (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 4 in G major "sopra Solare" (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 5 in A minor (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Fantasia no 6 in A minor (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Partita in G major, FbWV 603a (1)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 1 in A minor (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 2 in D minor (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 3 in G major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 4 in F major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 5 in C major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Suite no 6 in G major, FbWV 606 "Partita auff die Maÿerin" (3)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 1 in A minor, FbWV 101 (6)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 2 in D minor, FbWV 102 (8)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 3 in G major (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 4 in C major, FbWV 104 (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 5 in D minor "Da sonarsi alla Levatione" (2)
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Libro secondo di toccate: Toccata no 6 in G minor "Da sonarsi alla Levatione" (1)
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Partita (No.10), for keyboard in A minor, FbWV 610 (1)
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Partita (No.12) "Lamento sopra la dolorosa", for keyboard in C major, FbWV 612/612a (2)
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Partita (No.20), for keyboard in D major, FbWV 620 (1)
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Partita (No.27), for keyboard in E minor, for keyboard, FbWV 627 (1)
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Partita (No.30), for keyboard in A minor, for keyboard, FbWV 630 (2)
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Partita (No.7), for keyboard in E minor, FbWV 607/607b/607c (1)
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Partita (No.8), for keyboard in A major, FbWV 608 (1)
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Partita (No.9), for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 609 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in A major, FBWV 638 (1)
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Partita for keyboard in B minor, FbWV 652 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in C major, FBWV 605a (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in C minor, FBWV 620 (1)
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Partita for keyboard in C minor, FbWV 644 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in D major, FBWV 611a (2)
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Partita for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 618a (1)
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Partita for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 639 (1)
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Partita for keyboard in E major, FbWV 645 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in E minor, FBWV 642 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in E minor, FBWV 643 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in E minor, FBWV 648 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in E minor, FBWV 651 (1)
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Partita for keyboard in F sharp minor, FbWV 646 (1)
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Partita for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 641 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard in G minor, FBWV 649 (1)
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Partita for Keyboard Mayrin, FBWV 606a (2)
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Ricercar 5 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in C major, FbWV 404 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in C major/F major, FbWV 401 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in C sharp minor, FbWV 406 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 407 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in D minor, FbWV 411 (3)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in F major, FbWV 409 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in F sharp minor, FbWV 412 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in G major, FbWV 410 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in G major/C major, FbWV 402 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in G major/C major, FbWV 403 (1)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 405 (2)
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Ricercar, for keyboard in G minor, FbWV 408 (1)
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Ricercare no 13 in C major "Fuga VI" (1)
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Ricercare no 14 in D minor "Fuga I" (1)
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Sarabande (1)
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Sarabande, for keyboard in C minor, FbWV 640 (1)
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Suite for harpsichord No. 11 in A minor (from Strasbourg Manuscript) (1)
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Suite for harpsichord No. 13 in G major (from Strasbourg Manuscript) (1)
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Suite for harpsichord No. 2 in D minor (from Strasbourg Manuscript) (5)
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Suite for Keyboard in A minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard in D minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard in G major (1)
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Suite for Keyboard in G minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 1 in C minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 1 in C minor: Allemande (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 10 in E minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 12 in A minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 14 in A major (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 2 in D minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 2 in D minor: Allemande (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 2 in D minor: Sarabande (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 3 in E minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 4 in F major (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 5 in G minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 6 in A minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 7 in G minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 8 in D minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 8 in G major (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 9 in A minor (1)
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Suite for Keyboard no 9 in D major (1)
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Suite in B flat major (1)
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Suite no 12 in C major (1)
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Suite no 13 in D minor (1)
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Suite no 14 in G minor (2)
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Suite no 14 in G minor: Allemande (1)
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Suite no 15 in A minor (3)
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Suite no 16 in G major (2)
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Suite no 17 in F major (2)
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Suite no 18 "A l'honneur de Madame Sibylle" (1)
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Suite no 18 in G minor (2)
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Suite no 19 in C minor (4)
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Suite no 20 in D major (4)
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Suite no 21 in F major (2)
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Suite no 22 in E minor (1)
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Suite no 23 in E minor (2)
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Suite no 24 in D major (2)
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Suite no 24a in D major (1)
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Suite no 25 in D minor (1)
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Suite no 26 in B minor (1)
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Suite no 27 "Allemande faite en passant le Rhin" (1)
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Suite no 27 in E minor (1)
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Suite no 28 in A minor (2)
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Suite no 29 in E flat major "Nova" (1)
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Suite no 30 in A minor (3)
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Suite no 30 in A minor: Plainte faite à Londres (1)
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Toccata (No.12), for keyboard in A minor, FbWV 112 (1)
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Toccata (No.14), for keyboard in G major, A 14 (1)
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Toccata (No.3), for keyboard in G major, FbWV 103 (2)
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Toccata (No.5): da sonarsi alla levitatione, for organ in D minor, FbWV 105 (1)
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Toccata (No.9), for keyboard in C major, FbWV 109 (1)
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Toccata for keyboard in G minor, tone 2, FbWV 130 (1)
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Toccata in C major (2)
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Toccata in D minor (1)
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Toccata in G major (1)
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Toccata in G major, FbWV 117 (1)
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Toccata no 10 in F major (1)
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Toccata no 13 in E minor (1)
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Toccata no 14 in G major (2)
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Toccata no 15 in G minor (3)
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Toccata no 16 in C major (2)
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Toccata no 17 in D major (1)
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Toccata no 18 in F major (1)
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Toccata no 19 in D minor (2)
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Toccata no 20 in A minor, FbWV 120 (2)
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Toccata no 25 in F major, FbWV 125 (1)
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Toccata no 3 in G major (2)
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Toccata Quinti toni, FBWV 116a (1)
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Tombeau (1)
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Tombeau sur la mort de Monsieur Blancrocher, FbWV 632 (13)
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Work(s): Ricercare in G (1)
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Work(s): Unspecified Allemande for keyboard in D (1)
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Work(s): Unspecified Courante for keyboard in D (1)
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Work(s): Unspecified Gigue for keyboard in D (1)
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Work(s): Unspecified Sarabande for keyboard in D (1)
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Biography |
by Timothy Dickey
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The cosmopolitan composer and harpsichordist Johann Jacob Froberger (1616-67) was born in Stuttgart. He spent much of his professional life at the court of Vienna but traveled widely to Italy, France, England, and the Netherlands. In his keyboard compositions, he acknowledged the divergent styles of his European contemporaries while forging a highly personal and musically powerful synthesis. Serving the Viennese Hofkapelle from 1634 until 1645, he was granted a stipend from the Italophile Emperor Ferdinand III to travel to Italy and supplement his musical training by studying with Girolamo Frescobaldi. He studied in Rome from late 1637 until 1641 and made a second trip to Rome, Florence, and Mantua before 1649. An extensive period of travel from 1649 to 1653 probably included trips to Paris (where he met Chambonnières and Louis Couperin), the Spanish Netherlands, and England. After a second period in Vienna as principal organist to the Imperial court from 1653 to 1658, he retired to the estate of Princess Sybilla of Württemburg-Montbeliard, where he died suddenly at a Vespers service in 1667.
Most of his (almost exclusively keyboard) music was published posthumously beginning in the last decade of the seventeenth century, at a ripe moment in the forging of High Baroque German national artistic consciousness. Thus his style, blending Italian and French genres and techniques with quintessentially "German" contrapuntal thinking, was immediately perceived as a foundation of this national style. In many of Froberger's autographed copies of his music, the different genres are separated and anthologized, with attention to the distinctive notational practices. The ricercars, fantasias and other polyphonic pieces are notated in open score, to highlight the independence of the voices. Conversely, the Italianate toccatas, are notated in the Italian style of one six-line staff above a seven-line staff, clearly delineating the two hands. These pieces show the influence of his teacher Frescobaldi as well as of Merulo; Froberger's organization of the pieces into contrasting rhapsodic and fugal sections, however, follows more the practice of Michelangelo Rossi. The other Italian genre in which Froberger composed is the canzona, or capriccio. Froberger's harpsichord suites published in the 1690s gave the impression that he "invented" the generic structure which would dominate eighteenth century keyboard music: a suite of bipartite dance movements in the same key, in the order Allemande - Courante - Sarabande - Gigue. This misconception, disproved by the presence of regular, but differing, orders in his own manuscripts, has long been the cornerstone of the composer's historical position. Nevertheless, Froberger did assimilate the French dance genres, grouping them in suites by key, and (especially in the Allemandes), incorporating some of the Italian improvisatory character into the dance structure. This yielded fuller-voiced pieces in a lute-derived style the French called style brisé. His other personal innovation in the dance suites was the substitution of the first dance by an affective miniature character piece with a descriptive title; these were often laments on the death of prominent court figures. |
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