Giovanni Gabrieli
Born: 1555; Venice, Italy
Died: August 12, 1612; Venice, Italy
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Giovanni Gabrieli is an important transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque eras and their associated musical styles. The distinctive sound of his music derived in part from his association with St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, long one of the most important churches in Europe, and for which he wrote both vocal and instrumental works. Through his compositions and his work with several significant pupils, Gabrieli substantially
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Works
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Amor s'è in lei con honestate aggiunto (1)
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Angelus ad pastores ait (7)
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Audite principes (9)
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Beata es, virgo Maria (2)
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Benedictus (4)
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Benedixisti Domine, motet for 7 voices (1)
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Buccinate in neomenia tuba (9)
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Cantate Domino (2)
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Canzon (2)
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Canzon a 10 (1)
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Canzon a 12 (7)
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Canzon a 7 (1)
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Canzon a 8 (1)
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Canzon francese, for organ (1)
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Canzon II a 4 (3)
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Canzon II a 8 (2)
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Canzon in echo a 12 (4)
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Canzon No. 2, for 4 parts (2)
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Canzon No. 4, for 4 parts (2)
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Canzon per sonare no 27 (4)
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Canzon per sonare no 28 (3)
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Canzon septimi toni, a 8 no 2 (1)
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Canzon vigesimaottava (1)
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Canzona per sonar no 1 (1)
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Canzona per sonar no 2 (12)
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Canzona per sonar no 3 (5)
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Canzona per sonar no 4 (10)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzon "Fa sol la re" (1)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzon "Sol sol la sol fa mi" (2)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzon a 4 "La Spiritata" (21)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzon quarta (1)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzon terza a 4 (2)
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Canzoni (6), 1608: Canzona seconda a 4 (4)
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Canzoni et Sonate (1615) (1)
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Canzoni et Sonate (1615): Sonata for 8 instruments for two choirs (1)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon I a 5 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon II a 6 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon III a 6 (6)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon IV a 6 (5)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon IX a 8 (3)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon V a 7 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon VI a 7 (6)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon VII a 7 (4)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon VIII a 8 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon X a 8 (7)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XI a 8 (3)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XII a 8 (7)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XIV a 10 (11)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XV a 10 (6)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XVI a 12 (12)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XVII a 12 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Canzon XVIII (1)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Excerpt(s) (1)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata per tre violini (3)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata XIII a 8 (10)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata XIX a 15 (8)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata XVIII a 14 (12)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata XX a 22 (9)
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Canzoni et sonate (21): Sonata XXI con tre violoni (8)
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Deus in nomine tuo (1)
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Deus qui beatum Marcum (2)
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Deus, Deus, meus, ad te de luce vigilo (2)
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Domine, Deus meus (2)
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Domine, exaudi orationem meam (1)
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Dulcis Jesu patris imago (7)
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Exaudi Deus orationem meam, motet for 7 voices (1)
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Exaudi me Domine (2)
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Fantasia 4 toni, for organ (1)
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Fantasia sesto toni (2)
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Fuga del nono tono, for keyboard (2)
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Fuga noni toni (3)
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Gloria Patri a 8 (1)
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Hic est filius Dei (4)
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Hodie Christus natus est (7)
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Hodie completi sunt dies pentecostes (4)
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Intonationi d'organo (3)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del dècimo tono (4)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del duodecimo tono (5)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del nono tono (8)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del ottavo tono (4)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del primo tono (4)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del quinto tono trasportado alla quarta alta (1)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del secondo tono (4)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del sesto tono (1)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del settimo tono (3)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del terzo e quarto tono trasportado alla quarta alta (4)
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Intonationi d'organo: Del undicesimo tono (5)
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Intonationi d'organo: Excerpt(s) (2)
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Intonazione del decimo tono, for organ (1)
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Intonazione del duodecimo tono, for organ, C. 250 (1)
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Intonazione del nono tono, for organ, C. 247 (1)
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Intonazione del primo tono, for organ (1)
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Intonazione del secondo tono, for organ (1)
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Intonazione dell'ottavo tono, for organ (1)
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Intonazione dell'undecimo tono, for organ (1)
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Jubilate Deo (11)
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Jubilate Deo a 10 (7)
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Jubilate Deo a 8 (1)
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Jubilate Deo a 8, C135 (1)
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Jubilate Deo, motet for 8 voices (1597) (3)
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Jubilemus singuli (1)
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Kyrie (2)
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La Battaglia (1)
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Lieto godea (3)
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Magnificat (1)
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Magnificat a 12 (1)
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Magnificat a 14 (3)
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Magnificat a 33 (3)
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Magnificat for 12 voices (1615) (1)
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Miserere mei Deus (1)
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Misericordia tua Domine (3)
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O Domine Jesu Christe (3)
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O Jesu me dulcissime (6)
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O magnum mysterium (15)
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Omnes gentes plaudite manibus (6)
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Plaudite (1)
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Quem vidistis, pastores (4)
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Qui est iste (1)
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Regina coeli (4)
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Ricercar ottavo toni (1)
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Ricercar primo toni (3)
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Ricercar settimo toni (1)
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Ricercar sopra "Re fa mi do" a 4 (1)
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S'al discoprir (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1 (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Angelus Domini descendit (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Beata es virgo à 6 (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi toni (3)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi toni a 10 (10)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi toni a 10 (C179) (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi toni a 10 (C3554) (4)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi Toni a 10 (C3555) (2)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon duodecimi toni a 8 (6)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon in echo duodecimi toni a 10 (10)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon noni toni a 12 (8)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon noni toni a 8 (8)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon primi toni (5)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon primi toni a 10 (7)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon primi toni a 8 (8)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon septimi e octavi toni a 12 (7)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon septimi toni a 8 (19)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzon septimi toni a 8 - no 2 (20)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Canzona quarti toni a 15 (9)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Domine, Dominus noster (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Exaudi Domine iustitiam (2)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Gloria in excelsis Deo à 12 (2)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: In te Domine speravi à 8 (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Nunc dimitis (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: O Jesu mi dulcissime (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Plaudite, psallite, iubilate Deo omnis terra (2)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Sancta et immaculata virginitas à 8 (1)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Sonata octavi toni a 12 (12)
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Sacrae symphoniae, Book 1: Sonata pian e forte alla quarta bassa (27)
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Sacrae Symphoniae: No. 12: Canzon in echo duodecimi toni for 10 parts (1)
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Sacrae Symphoniae: No. 15: Sonata octavi toni for 12 parts (1)
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Sacrae Symphoniae: No. 6: Sonata pian e forte for 8 parts (3)
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Sacre di Giove augei (1)
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Sacro tempio d'honor (1)
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Sanctus (2)
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Sanctus and Benedictus a 12 (1)
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Sonata in D major (1)
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Sonata No. 21 ("con tre violini"), for 4 or 5 parts (2)
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Surrexit Christus (5)
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Suscipe clementissime (2)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Benedictus es, Dominus (4)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Exultavit cor meum (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Hodie completi sunt à 8 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: In ecclesiis (11)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Kyrie a 12 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Magnificat a 17 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Misericordia a 12 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: O Jesu mi dulcissime (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: O quam suavis à 8 (4)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Quem vidistis pastores a 14 (2)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Salvator noster hodie dilectissimi natus est a 15 (7)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Sancta et immaculata à 7 (2)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Sanctus a 12 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, Book 2: Suscipe a 12 (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Buccinate in neomenia tuba, 19vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: In ecclesiis, 14vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Jubilate Deo, 10vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Magnificat, 14vv; Magnificat, 17vv; Misericordia tua Domine, 12vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Quem vidistis pastores, 14vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Surrexit christus, 1vv (1)
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Symphoniae sacrae, liber secundus: Suscipe clementissime, 12vv (1)
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Symphoniae Sacrae: Nunc dimittis (1)
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Symphoniae Sacrae: Virtute magna (1)
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Timor et Tremor (5)
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Toccata (2)
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Toccata a 4, C237 (2)
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Toccata del secondo tono (1)
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Toccata del secondo tuono for Organ, C2366 C 236 (1)
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Toccata primi toni (2)
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Toccata quinti toni (1)
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Udite, chiari et generosi (1)
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Variations on "Frais et gaillard" (1)
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Virtute magna (1)
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Work(s) (1)
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Work(s): Ricercar (1)
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Biography |
by Chris Morrison
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Giovanni Gabrieli is an important transitional figure between the Renaissance and Baroque eras and their associated musical styles. The distinctive sound of his music derived in part from his association with St. Mark's Cathedral in Venice, long one of the most important churches in Europe, and for which he wrote both vocal and instrumental works. Through his compositions and his work with several significant pupils, Gabrieli substantially influenced the development of music in the seventeenth century.
Very little is known about his early years; he probably studied with his famous uncle Andrea Gabrieli, who was also a composer, and organist at St. Mark's. Like his uncle, Gabrieli lived in Germany for several years, and was employed at the court of Duke Albrecht V in Munich from around 1575 until the Duke's death in 1579. Soon after that Gabrieli returned to Italy, and in 1585 became the organist for the Scuola Grande di San Rocco, a religious confraternity; he would hold that post for the rest of his life. That same year (1585), Gabrieli became organist at St. Mark's and, on his uncle's death in 1586, assumed his position as its principal composer (Gabrieli also edited a number of his uncle's compositions for posthumous publication).
At that time, Venice was a very cosmopolitan city and something of a musical crossroads. Much of the city's musical activity centered around St. Mark's Cathedral, which had long attracted many great musicians. The Cathedral's unusual layout, with its two choir lofts facing each other (each with its own organ), led to the development of what has been called the Venetian style of composition -- a colorful and dramatic style often involving multiple choirs and instrumental ensembles; many of Gabrieli's motets and other religious choral works are written for two or four choirs, divided into a dozen or more separate parts. Gabrieli also became one of the first composers to write choral works including parts for instrumental ensembles; the motet In ecclesiis, as an example, calls for two choirs, soloists, organ, brass, and strings. Gabrieli wrote a number of secular vocal works (most or all of them before 1600), and a number of pieces for organ in a quasi-improvisational style.
Gabrieli composed many purely instrumental works in forms such as the canzoni and ricercari, which had become increasingly popular in the sixteenth century. Several of these were published with some of his choral music in the collection Sacrae symphoniae (1597). This publication was very popular all over Europe and attracted for Gabrieli a number of prominent pupils, the best known of which were Heinrich Schütz (who studied with him between 1609 and 1612) and Michael Praetorius. More of Gabrieli's instrumental pieces were published posthumously in Canzoni e sonate (1615). Some of these works were particularly innovative: the Sonata pian e forte was one of the first documented compositions to employ dynamic markings, and the Sonata per tre violini was one of the first to use a basso continuo, anticipating the later trio sonata. His instrumental works are now seen as the culmination of the development of instrumental music in the sixteenth century.
From around 1606, Gabrieli suffered from a kidney stone that reduced his activities, and eventually led to his death. |
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