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Carl Loewe
Born: November 30, 1796; Löbejün, Germany
Died: April 20, 1869; Kiel, Germany
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Referred to as "the North German Schubert" during his life, Carl Loewe, like his Austrian counterpart, developed the Romantic ballad for voice and piano into a powerful art form. An excellent singer, he undertook numerous tours performing his own works. Known mostly for his solo songs, Loewe also composed six operas, 17 oratorios, and numerous cantatas, string quartets, and piano works.
Loewe's earliest training was from his father, a
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Works
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Ach neige, du Schmerzenreiche (2)
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Anakreontische Lieder (3): no 1, Eis auran (Auf die Leier) (1)
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Anakreontische Lieder (3): no 2, Eis eauton I (Auf sich selbst) "Es sagen" (1)
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Anakreontische Lieder (3): no 3, Eis eauton II (Auf sich selbst) "Weil ich sterblich" (1)
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Annunciata "Blumenballade" (1)
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Archibald Douglas, Op. 128 (7)
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Ballades (2), Op. 7: no 1, Der grosse Kurfuerst und die Spreejungfrau (1)
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Ballades (2), Op. 7: no 2, Der späte Gast (1)
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Ballads (2), Op. 108: no 1, Die Kaiserjagd im Wienerwald (1)
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Ballads (2), Op. 108: no 2, Hueska (1)
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Ballads (2), Op. 45: no 1, Harald (2)
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Ballads (2), Op. 78: no 1, Jungfräulein Annika (2)
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Ballads (2), Op. 8: no 1, Des Goldschmieds Töchterlein (1)
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Ballads (2), Op. 94: no 1, Die Überfahrt (3)
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Ballads (2), Op. 94: no 2, Die schwarzen Augen (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 116: no 1, Die Dorfkirche (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 116: no 2, Der alte König (2)
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Ballads (3), Op. 116: no 3, Der Mummelsee (4)
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Ballads (3), Op. 125: no 2, Das Vaterland (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 125: no 3, Der alte Schiffsherr (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 129: no 1, Der Teufel (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 129: no 2, Der Nöck (7)
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Ballads (3), Op. 129: no 3, Die Schwanenjungfrau (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 1: no 1, Edward (12)
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Ballads (3), Op. 1: no 2, Der Wirtin Töchterlein (7)
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Ballads (3), Op. 1: no 3, Erlkönig (21)
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Ballads (3), Op. 20: no 1, Hochzeitlied (7)
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Ballads (3), Op. 20: no 2, Der Zauberlehrling (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 20: no 3, Die wandelnde Glocke (9)
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Ballads (3), Op. 2: no 1, Treuröschen (2)
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Ballads (3), Op. 2: no 2, Herr Oluf (16)
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Ballads (3), Op. 3: no 1, Abschied (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 3: no 2, Elvershöh (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 43: no 2, Der Räuber (3)
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Ballads (3), Op. 44: no 2, Der getreue Eckart (2)
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Ballads (3), Op. 44: no 3, Der Totentanz (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 49 (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 49: no 1, Die Lauer (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 56: no 1, Heinrich der Vogler (9)
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Ballads (3), Op. 56: no 2, Der Gesang (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 56: no 3, Urgrossvaters Gesellschaft (3)
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Ballads (3), Op. 59: no 1, Wirkung in der Ferne (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 59: no 2, Der Sänger (2)
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Ballads (3), Op. 59: no 3, Der Schatzgräber (4)
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Ballads (3), Op. 65: no 2, Das Erkennen (3)
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Ballads (3), Op. 67: no 2, Die Glocken zu Speier (3)
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Ballads (3), Op. 67: no 3, Landgraf Ludwig (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 68: no 1, Schwalbenmärchen (2)
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Ballads (3), Op. 68: no 2, Der Edelfalk (4)
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Ballads (3), Op. 68: no 3, Der Blumen Rache (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 97: no 1, Der Mohrenfürst (3)
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Ballads (3), Op. 97: no 2, Die Mohrenfürstin (1)
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Ballads (3), Op. 97: no 3, Der Mohrenfürst auf der Messe (1)
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Beim Maitrank (1)
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Bilder des Orients (12), Op. 10: no 11, Gulhinde am Putztische (1)
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Bilder des Orients (12), Op. 10: no 12, Abendgesang (1)
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Brautkranzlied (1)
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Canzonette (4)
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Complete Lieder and Balladen (1)
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Concerto for Piano no 2 in A major (1)
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Concerto for Piano no 2 in A major: 2nd movement, Andante grazioso, "Espaniola" (2)
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Das Blümlein (1)
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Das dunkle Auge (2)
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Das Schifflein (1)
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Das Sühnopfer des neuen Bundes (1)
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Der Asra, Op. 133 (3)
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Der Bergmann, Op. 39 (1)
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Der gefangene Admiral, Op. 115 (5)
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Der kleine Schiffer, Op. 127 (1)
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Der Mönch zu Pisa, Op. 114 (3)
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Der Papagei, Op. 111 (1)
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Der Reigerbaize, Op. 106 (1)
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Der seltne Beter, Op. 141 (6)
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Der Sturm von Alhama, Op. 54 (1)
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Der Zahn (1)
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Des Glockenthürmers Töchterlein, Op. 112a (3)
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Die Begegnung am Meeresstrande, Op. 120 (1)
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Die drei Wünsche (1)
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Die Gruft der Liebenden, Op. 21 (1)
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Die Göttin im Putzzimmer, Op. 73 (1)
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Die Heinzelmännchen, Op. 83 (3)
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Die Heldenbraut (1)
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Die Mutter an der Wiege (1)
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Die nächtliche Heerschau, Op. 23 (3)
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Die verfallene Mühle, Op. 109 (5)
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Fabellieder (4), Op. 64: no 1, Der verliebte Maikäfer (1)
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Fabellieder (4), Op. 64: no 2, Der Kuckuck (1)
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Fabellieder (4), Op. 64: no 3, Die Katzenkönigin (1)
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Fabellieder (4), Op. 64: no 4, Der Bär (1)
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Feuersgedanken, Op. 70 (1)
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Findlay (1)
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Frau Twardowska (1)
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Frauenliebe Lieder (9), Op. 60 (1)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 1, Zeislein (1)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 10, Das Pfarrjüngferchen (3)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 11, Kind und Mädchen (1)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 12, Die Blume der Ergebung (1)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 3, O süsse Mutter (3)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 4, Süsses begräbnis (11)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 5, Hinkende Jamben (11)
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Gedichte (12), Op. 62: no 6, Irrlichter im Traum sach ich (3)
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Gedichte (2), Op. 61: no 1, Fridericus Rex (5)
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Gedichte (3), Op. 104: no 1, Die Freude (1)
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Gedichte (3), Op. 104: no 2, An Sami (1)
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Gedichte (3), Op. 104: no 3, März (1)
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Geistliche Gesänge (10), Op. 22, Book 1: no 3, Der Hirten Lied am Krippelein (1)
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Gesang der Geister, Op. 88 (2)
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Gesänge (3), Op. 123: no 2, Trommelständchen (4)
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Gesänge (3), Op. 123: no 3, Die Uhr (12)
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Grand Duo for Piano four hands in F major, Op. 18 (1)
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Gregor auf dem Stein, Op. 38 (3)
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Hebräische Gesänge (5), Book 4, Op. 14: no 1, Saul und Samuel (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (5), Book 4, Op. 14: no 2, Eliphas Gesicht (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (5), Book 4, Op. 14: no 4, Saul (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (5), Book 4, Op. 14: no 5, Titus (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 1, Op. 4: no 6, Thraenen und Laecheln (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 2, Op. 5: no 5, Mein Geist ist trüb (2)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 2, Op. 5: no 6, Saul vor seiner letzten Schlacht (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 3, Op. 13: no 1, Sanheribs Niederlage (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 3, Op. 13: no 4, Jordans Ufer (2)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 3, Op. 13: no 5, Wohin, o Seele? (1)
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Hebräische Gesänge (6), Book 3, Op. 13: no 6, Die Sonne der Schlaflosen (2)
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Hinaus! Hinauf! Hinab! (1)
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Ich bin ein guter Hirte (2)
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In der Marienkirche (1)
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In die Ferne! (1)
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Jünglings Gebet (1)
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Kaiser Karl V, Op. 99: no 3, Der Pilgrim for St Just (2)
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Kleiner Haushalt, Op. 71 (11)
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Kloster Grabow ("Das war das Kloster Grabow") (1)
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Legenden (3), Op. 33: no 2, Das heilige Haus in Loretto (1)
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Legenden (3), Op. 33: no 3, Des fremden Kindes (3)
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Legendes (4), Op. 75: no 3, Der heilige Franziskus (7)
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Legends (2), Op. 35: no 2, Johann von Nepomuk (1)
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Legends (4), Op. 75: no 2, Der Weichdorn (2)
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Legends (4), Op. 75: no 4, Das Wunder auf der Flucht (3)
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Lied(er) (8)
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Lieder (2), Op. 110: no 1, Am Klosterbrunnen (1)
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Lieder (3), Op. 103: no 1, Gruss vom Meere (4)
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Lieder (3), Op. 103: no 2, Menschenlose (1)
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Lieder (3), Op. 103: no 3, Deutsche Barkarole (2)
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Lieder (3), Op. 107a: no 2, Mondlicht (1)
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Lieder (3), Op. 107a: no 3, Frühling (1)
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Lieder (5), Op. 145: no 1, Meeresleuchten (8)
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Lieder (5), Op. 145: no 2, Der Feind (5)
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Lieder (5), Op. 145: no 3, Im Sturme (3)
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Lieder (5), Op. 145: no 4, Heimlichkeit (7)
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Lieder (5), Op. 145: no 5, Reiterlied (2)
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Lieder (6), Op. 89: no 1, Das Glockenspiel "Vorspiel" (2)
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Lieder (6), Op. 89: no 2, Dein Auge (1)
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Lieder (6), Op. 89: no 5, Du Geist der reinsten Güte (1)
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Lieder (6), Op. 89: no 6, Mit jedem Pulsschlag (1)
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Liedergabe, Op. 130: no 2, Herzensrose (1)
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Liedergabe, Op. 130: no 3, Die Amsel flötet (1)
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Liedergabe, Op. 130: no 4, Der Hirt auf der Brücke (2)
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Liedergabe, Op. 130: no 5, Fruehlingsankunft (2)
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Mahomets Gesang, op. 85 (1)
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Meerfahrt, Op. 93 (1)
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Nachgelassene Gedichte (6), Op. 69: no 6, Der Komet (1)
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O Most Gracious, Welcome Child, for choir (1)
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Odins Meeresritt, Op. 118 (16)
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Odins Meeresritt, Op. 118 "Der Schmied auf Helgoland" (2)
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Paria, Op. 58 (1)
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Partsongs (5), Op. 81: no 1, Im Vorübergehen (2)
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Partsongs (5), Op. 81: no 4, In der Marienkirche (1)
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Polnische Balladen (2), Op. 50 (1)
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Prinz Eugen, ballad for voice & piano, Op. 92 (1)
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Prinz Eugen, Op. 92 (7)
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Quem pastores laudavere (3)
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Schottische Bilder, for clarinet & piano, Op. 112 (1)
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Song(s) (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 10: no 2, Die Sylphide (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 10: no 3, Der Bräutigam (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 10: no 4, Niemand hat's gesehen (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 1: no 1, Die Lotosblume (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 1: no 3, Über allen Gipfeln ist Ruh' (7)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 1: no 3b, Wandrers Nachtlied (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 1: no 4, Der du von dem Himmel bist (4)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 1: no 6, Die Elfenkönigin (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 3: no 2, Meine Ruh ist hin (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 3: no 4, Der Treuergebene (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 3: no 6, Sehnsucht (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 4: no 4, Ihr Spaziergang (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 4: no 5, Graf Eberhards Weissdorn (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 5: no 3, Bauernregel (3)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 6: no 1, Wach auf! (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 6: no 3, Vogelgesang (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 6: no 4, Mädchen sind wie der Wind (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 6: no 5, Graf Eberstein (7)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 7: no 2, Im Traum sah ich die Geliebte (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 7: no 3, Erste Liebe (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 7: no 6, Ich hab' im Traum geweinet (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 8: no 3, Lynceus, auf Fausts Sternwarte singend (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 8: no 4, Mädchenwunsche (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 8: no 5, Gutmann und Gutweib (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 9: no 1, Szene aus Faust (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 9: no 2, Der Alte Goethe (3)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 9: no 3, Die verliebte Schäferin Scapine (2)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 9: no 4, Eis Aphroditen (An Aphrodite) (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9, Book 9: no 5, Eis tettiga (An die Grille) (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9: Excerpt(s) (1)
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Songs (54), Op. 9: Mädchenswünsche (1)
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Spirito santo, Op. 143 (5)
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String Quartet in F major, Op. 24/2 (1)
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String Quartet in G major, Op. 24/1 (1)
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Switezianka, Op. 51 (1)
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Tod und Tödin, Op. 105 (1)
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Tom der Reimer, Op. 135a (19)
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Wanderers Nachtlied I (1)
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Wanderers Nachtlied II (1)
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War schöner als der schönste Tag (2)
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Wechsel (1)
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Biography |
by John Palmer
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Referred to as "the North German Schubert" during his life, Carl Loewe, like his Austrian counterpart, developed the Romantic ballad for voice and piano into a powerful art form. An excellent singer, he undertook numerous tours performing his own works. Known mostly for his solo songs, Loewe also composed six operas, 17 oratorios, and numerous cantatas, string quartets, and piano works.
Loewe's earliest training was from his father, a schoolmaster, and he sang in the church choir at Cöthen. At age 12, having already published some songs and instrumental pieces, he entered the Gymnasium at Halle, in Thuringia, where the headmaster continued his training. Jerome Bonaparte, the King of Westphalia, heard Loewe sing and was sufficiently impressed to award the boy an annual stipend, enabling Loewe to continue studying music. This support ended abruptly in 1813, when Jerome was deposed; however, the chancellor of the Gymnasium came to Loewe's aid and helped him matriculate in theology at Halle University.
During 1819-1820, Loewe toured Germany, becoming Kantor and professor at the Stettin Gymnasium and seminary. In 1821, he was appointed Director of Music at Stettin, a position he would hold until 1865. His marriage to Julie von Jacob in 1821 lasted only two years; in 1826 he married Auguste Lange, a singer from Königsberg who often performed Loewe's songs in concert. Between 1820 and 1830, he was especially productive, completing some of this most popular songs and ballads, several piano sonatas, and his first opera, Rudolf der deutsche Herr. Most notable from this era are his settings of Byron's Hebrew Melodies.
By 1835, Loewe was famous throughout German-speaking lands as a conductor and composer as well as a singer. He began to tour internationally in 1844; from Loewe's letters home, it is clear that the trip was a success, bringing him a great deal of acclaim. A trip to London in 1847 was not as successful. In later years, he visited Scandinavia and France. Loewe suffered a stroke in 1864 and had to resign his post at Stettin the next year; he died in Kiel, after another stroke.
Loewe was first and foremost a composer of vocal music; even his Sonata for Piano in E major, Op. 16, contains a song for tenor as the slow movement (a setting of Adolf an Adele). His Op. 1, consisting of three ballads, reflects his varied tastes for poetry: Edward is by an anonymous Scottish poet, Der Wirthin Töchterlein is by Uhland, and his Erlkönig is, of course, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, whom Loewe met in 1819 or 1820. The last of these is frequently contrasted with Schubert's famous setting; indeed, the choice of G minor as the key, an agitated piano accompaniment, and use of a recitative-like ending, all make for striking similarities. Loewe's daughter would later state that her father saw Schubert's setting and wished to compose a better one; however, such a scenario is very unlikely.
The narrative Romantic ballad required departure from the standard strophic forms that had dominated the German lied during the late eighteenth century. Loewe addressed this issue by using through-composed forms or modified strophic forms -- contrasting arioso with dramatic, accompanied recitative -- as we find in Der Wirthin Töchterlein.
Loewe's settings of Byron's Hebrew Melodies showcase all of the composer's strengths. His writing for the piano is idiomatic and independent of the voice part without being obtrusive. Quick but masterful key changes often highlight moments of drama in the texts. Tom der Reimer and Der Asra, both dating from 1863, are often cited as his best ballads. Hiob is considered his best oratorio, while Emmy is arguably his finest opera. |
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