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Works
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A la fenetre, Op. 93 (Book 9 no 10) (1)
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Akrostichon no 1, Op. 37 (1)
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Akrostichon no 2, Op. 114 (1)
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Album de Peterhof, Op. 75 (1)
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Album de Peterhof, Op. 75: no 10, Mazurka (1)
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Album de Peterhof, Op. 75: no 8, Nocturne in G major (1)
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Album of Popular Dances (7), Op. 82: no 7, Polka (2)
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Album of Popular Dances of the Different Nations, for piano, Op. 82 (1)
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Album of Popular Dances of the Different Nations, for piano, Op. 82: 7. Polka (1)
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Azra (1)
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Ballad (2)
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Barcarolle for Piano no 2 in A minor, Op. 45b (2)
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Barcarolle for Piano no 4 in G major (3)
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Berceuse, Op. 93 (Book 9 no 3) (1)
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Caprice russe for Piano and Orchestra, Op. 102 (1)
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Cavalry Trot (1)
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Characteristic Pictures (6) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 50 (1)
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Characteristic Pictures (6) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 50: Barcarolle no 3 in G minor (3)
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Characteristic Pictures (6) for Piano 4 hands, Op. 50: no 2, Scherzo in F major (1)
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Concerto for Cello no 1 in A minor, Op. 65 (2)
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Concerto for Cello no 2 in D minor, Op. 96 (1)
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Concerto for Piano no 1 in E minor, Op. 25 (1)
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Concerto for Piano no 2 in F major, Op. 35 (1)
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Concerto for Piano no 3 in G major, Op. 45 (3)
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Concerto for Piano no 4 in D minor, Op. 70 (9)
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Concerto for Piano no 5 in E flat major, Op. 94 (1)
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Concerto for Violin in G major, Op. 46 (2)
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Conzertstück for Piano and Orchestra in A flat major, Op. 113 (2)
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Der Gefangene (The Prisoner; "Im Kerker gefangen"), song for voice & piano, Op. 78/6 (1)
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Dmitry Donskoy: Overture (1)
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Don Quixote, Op. 87 (2)
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Eroica Fantasia, Op. 110 (2)
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Etude for piano in C major ("Staccato"), Op. 23/2 (2)
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Etudes (6) for Piano, Op. 23 (1)
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Etudes (6) for Piano, Op. 23: no 2 in C major "Staccato" (3)
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Fantaisie for Piano and Orchestra in C major, Op. 84 (1)
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Faust, Op. 68 (1)
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Feramors: Ballet Suite (1)
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Feramors: Bridal Procession (2)
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Feramors: Dance of the Bayaderes no 2 (1)
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Feramors: Danses des fiancées de Cachemir (2)
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German Songs (6), Op. 72: no 1, The dew is sparkling (4)
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He stands silently before the commander (1)
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If I only knew (1)
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If you love (1)
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Ivan the Terrible, Op. 79 (2)
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Kamennïy-Ostrov (Rocky Island), portraits (24) for piano, Op. 10: No. 22 (1)
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Lermontov Songs (5) (1)
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Melodie (1)
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Melodies (2) for Piano, Op. 3 (1)
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Melodies (2) for Piano, Op. 3: no 1 in F major (52)
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Melody (5)
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Miniatures for Piano, Bk 9: no 7, El Dachtarawan (1)
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Miscellaneous Pieces for Piano, Op. 93: Barcarolle no 5 in A minor (3)
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Miscellaneous Pieces for Piano, Op. 93: Près du ruisseau (1)
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Miscellaneous Pieces for Piano, Op. 93: Serenade no 5 (3)
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Nero: Ballet Suite (1)
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Nero: Imen! Imen! (1)
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Nero: O light of the day (2)
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Nero: O mon sort! (2)
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Nero: Vindex's Epithalamium (7)
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Nero: Vindex's nuptial song (1)
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Night, Op. 44 no 1 (6)
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Noch' (Night), Op. 44/1a (1)
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Nocturne for piano in G major (Album de Peterhof No. 8), Op. 75/8 (1)
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Octet in D major, Op. 9 (1)
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Persian Songs (12), Op. 34: no 12, The Creator commanded the sun (1)
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Persian Songs (12), Op. 34: no 2, As the sun to the heavens (1)
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Persian Songs (12), Op. 34: no 9, The turbulent waters of Kur (3)
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Persian Songs (12), Op. 34: Persian Love Song (2)
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Pevets (The singer), Op. 36/7 (1)
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Piano Concerto No. 4 in D minor, Op. 70 (1)
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Pieces (2) for Piano, Op 26: no 1, Romance in F major (3)
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Pieces (2) for Piano, Op 26: no 2, Impromptu in A Minor (1)
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Pieces (2) for Piano, Op. 30: Barcarolle no 1 in F minor (5)
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Pieces (3) for Cello and Piano, Op. 11 no 2 (1)
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Pieces (3) for Cello and Piano, Op. 11 no 3 (1)
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Pieces (3) for Viola and Piano, Op. 11 no 2: Nocturne (1)
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Pieces (6) for Piano, Op. 104: Barcarolle no 6 in C minor (2)
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Prélude for Piano (1)
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Preludes and Fugues (6) in free style, Op. 53: no 2 in F minor (1)
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Pushkin Songs (6) (1)
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Quartets (3) for Strings, Op. 17: no 1 in G major (1)
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Quartets (3) for Strings, Op. 17: no 2 in C minor (1)
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Quintet for Piano and Strings in G minor, Op. 99 (1)
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Quintet for Piano and Winds in F major, Op. 55 (2)
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Rêve angélique, for piano in F sharp major (Kamennïy-Ostrov No. 22; also published as "La Gondolière (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: Excerpt(s) (2)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 13, Moderato assai (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 14, Moderato (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 15, Allegretto (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 16, Allegro (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 17, Allegro non troppo (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 18, Allegro non troppo (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 19, Agitato (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 20, Allegretto con moto (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 21, Moderato assai (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 22, Rêve angélique (7)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 23, Moderato (1)
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Rocky Island, Op. 10: no 24, Allegro con moto (1)
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Romance (1)
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Romance for piano in E flat major, Op. 44/1 (6)
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Ruin of Athens (Beethoven): Turkish March (2)
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Serenade (1)
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Sérénade russe in B minor (1)
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Sérénade, for piano in D minor (Miscellaneous Pieces, Book 9 "Miniatures", No. 5), Op. 93/15 (1)
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Soirées à Saint-Pétersbourg, Op. 44: no 1, Romance in E flat major (9)
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Soirées Musicales, Op. 109 (1)
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Soirées Musicales, Op. 109: Nocturne (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 1 in D major, Op. 18 (6)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 1 in D major, Op. 18: 1st movement, Allegro moderato (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 1 in D major, Op. 18: 2nd movement, Moderato assai (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 1 in D major, Op. 18: 3rd movement, Moderato (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 2 in G major, Op. 39 (5)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 2 in G major, Op. 39: 1st movement, Allegro (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 2 in G major, Op. 39: 2nd movement, Allegretto (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 2 in G major, Op. 39: 3rd movement, Andante (1)
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Sonata for Cello and Piano no 2 in G major, Op. 39: 4th movement, Moderato (1)
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Sonata for Piano 4 hands in D major, Op. 89 (1)
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Sonata for Piano no 1 in E major, Op. 12 (1)
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Sonata for Piano no 2 in C minor, Op. 20 (1)
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Sonata for Piano no 3 in F major, Op. 41 (1)
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Sonata for Piano no 4 in A minor, Op. 100 (1)
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Songs (10) from Serbian Melodies, Op. 105 (1)
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Songs (10), Op. 83: La rondinella pelegrina (1)
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Songs (10), Op. 83: no 10, Ein Traum (1)
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Songs (10), Op. 83: no 8, Die Thräne (2)
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Songs (10), Op. 83: no 9, Gut' Nacht! (1)
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Songs (12) on Russian texts, Op. 48 (1)
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Songs (12) on Russian texts, Op. 48: no 5, Wanderers Nachtlied (1)
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Songs (12) on Russian texts, Op. 48: no 8, Die Wolke (1)
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Songs (12), Op. 78: no 6, The Prisoner (2)
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Songs (6), Op. 32: no 6, Der Asra (5)
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Songs (6), Op. 76: no 6, Pandero (1)
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Songs (6), Op. 8 (1)
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Souvenir de Dresde, Op. 118 (1)
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Souvenir de Dresde, Op. 118: no 6, Polonaise in E flat major (1)
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Studies (6) for Piano Op. 81: no 1 in F minor (1)
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Suite for Piano, Op. 38: Saraband (1)
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Symphony no 1 in F major, Op. 40 (2)
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Symphony no 2 in C major, Op. 42 "Ocean" (4)
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Symphony no 2 in C major, Op. 42 "Ocean": 3rd movement, Andante (1)
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Symphony no 2 in C major, Op. 42 "Ocean": 4th movement, Allegro (1)
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Symphony no 3 in A major, Op. 56 (3)
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Symphony no 4 in D minor, Op. 95 "Dramatic" (2)
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Symphony no 5 in G minor, Op. 107 (2)
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Symphony no 5 in G minor, Op. 107: Allegro non troppo (1)
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Symphony no 6 in A minor, Op. 111 (1)
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Symphony No. 6 Op. 111: Allegro vivace (1)
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The demon (4)
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The demon: Accursed world (3)
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The demon: Aria(s) (4)
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The Demon: Ballet Music (1)
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The demon: Ballet Suite (3)
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The demon: Calm and clear is the night (2)
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The demon: Caucasian Dance (1)
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The demon: Do not weep, my child "Demon's Aria" (12)
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The demon: Excerpt(s) (2)
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The demon: I am he who you heard in the night (4)
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The demon: I swear by the eternal truth (1)
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The demon: In the ocean of the heavens "Demon's Romance" (9)
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The demon: On desire's soft (1)
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The demon: Soaring like a falcon (Sinodale's Romance) (4)
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The Dove and the Passer-by (1)
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The turbulent waters of Kur, for voice & piano (1)
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The Voyevode (2)
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The Wolves (1)
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Theme and Variations for Piano in G major, Op. 88 (1)
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Theme and Variations, for piano in G major, Op. 88 (1)
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Trio for Piano and Strings in A major, Op. 85 (1)
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Trio for Piano and Strings in C minor, Op. 108 (1)
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Trio for Piano and Strings in F major, Op. 15 no 1 (1)
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Trio for Piano and Strings in G minor, Op. 15 no 2 (1)
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Trio for Piano, Violin and Cello in B flat major, Op. 52 (1)
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Triumphal Overture (1)
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Valse-Caprice for Piano in E flat major (13)
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Waltz-Caprice, for piano in E flat major (1)
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Wo wird einst des Wandermüden (1)
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Work(s) (1)
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Work(s): Unspecified Romance, arranged for guitar (1)
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Biography |
by Robert Cummings
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Anton Rubinstein was more controversial in his day as a composer and educator than he was as a pianist and conductor. Consensus in the nineteenth century ranked him with Liszt and von Bülow in the keyboard realm, and even if his works stirred debate, they were more widely performed than in the twentieth century, when his reputation as a composer went into decline. Rubinstein wrote in most genres, turning out hundreds of solo piano pieces, as well as several concertos for piano, violin and cello, various chamber compositions, operas, ballets, and choral and vocal works. His output in many ways parallels that of Tchaikovsky, and recent reexamination of Rubinstein's compositions augurs well for rehabilitation of many of them and a favorable reassessment of his standing. Among his more important works are his operas The Demon and Nero, his oratorios Paradise Lost and Tower of Babel, his "Ocean" Symphony and Piano Concerto No. 4.
When Rubinstein was five years old, the family moved from the village of his birth to Moscow, and by that time he was taking piano lessons from his mother. About two years later, he began study with Alexander Villoing and by the age of ten had given his first concerts. In 1840, Villoing took the youth on a successful three-year concert tour throughout Europe and England.
In 1844, young Anton, along with his sister Luba and brother Nikolai, both of whom also showed great musical talent, traveled to Berlin for advanced studies. Anton took instruction in composition from Siegfried Dehn until 1846, when his father, who had remained in Russia, died suddenly. After spending two years in near-poverty teaching in Vienna, Anton returned to Russia to join his mother and siblings.
Around 1850, Rubinstein's talents drew the attention, then the patronage, of Duchess Elena Pavlovna, sister-in-law of the Tsar. He lived in comfortable quarters at one of her palaces until 1854 and often performed for her and her guests, including the Tsar. During his years there, he composed many works, including the first three piano concertos, nearly fifty songs, and five operas, among them Stenka Razin and Tom the Fool.
In 1854, Rubinstein went on a highly successful European concert tour. Five years later, he and the duchess founded the Russian Musical Society, and, in 1862, the St. Petersburg Conservatory. Rubinstein was its director for the first five years and regularly led concerts sponsored by the Russian Musical Society. His views on a Russian nationalist style in both composition and performance led to conflicts with Balakirev and the Mighty Handful composers.
Rubinstein remained busy in composition throughout these years, though he wrote no opera between 1862 and 1869. In the period 1867-1870, he made several successful concert tours of Europe and the United States. He composed what is probably his best-known opera, The Demon, in 1871, its premiere coming four years later. This so-called "fantastic opera" was a far cry from the 1869 sacred opera, with German texts, Der Thurm zu Babel, and other similar works, possibly written by Rubinstein as if to reinforce his Christian credentials -- the Rubinstein family had converted to Christianity from Judaism some years before.
Until 1887, Rubinstein maintained a fairly active concert schedule, both as pianist and conductor. He took up the directorship of the St. Petersburg Conservatory once again, that year. From 1891 to 1894 he lived in Dresden and briefly taught Josef Hofmann. He returned to Russia in January, 1894, gravely ill with heart disease. Later that year he died in Peterhof, a summer retreat where Rubinstein owned a dacha. |
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